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<title>Special Collection Service</title>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Special Collection Service</span></span>

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<p>The <b>Special Collection Service</b> (<b>SCS</b>), codenamed <b>F6</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-week_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-week-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a highly classified joint U.S. <a href="Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>–<a href="National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> program charged with inserting eavesdropping equipment in difficult-to-reach places, such as foreign embassies, communications centers, and foreign government installations. Established in the late 1970s and headquartered in <a href="Beltsville%2C_Maryland" title="Beltsville, Maryland">Beltsville, Maryland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the SCS has been involved in operations ranging from the <a href="Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> to hunting <a href="Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> after the <a href="September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2></div>

<p>The SCS is a U.S. <a href="Black_budget" title="Black budget">black budget</a> program<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that has been described as the United States' "<i>Mission Impossible</i> force," responsible for "close surveillance, burglary, wiretapping, breaking and entering."<sup id="cite_ref-lichtblau01_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lichtblau01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lathem01_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lathem01-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-today01_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-today01-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kaihla01_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaihla01-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is headquartered in Beltsville, Maryland, in an obscured building that was at one time labeled simply "<b>CSSG.</b>" Next door is the <a href="U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a>'s <a href="Beltsville_Messaging_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltsville Messaging Center">Beltsville Messaging Center</a>, to which the SCS is linked via fiber optic cable. The SCS is jointly staffed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the National Security Agency (NSA).<sup id="cite_ref-kaihla01_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaihla01-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fas1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fas1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fp12_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fp12-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to intelligence historian James Bamford, "The position of SCS chief alternates between NSA and CIA officials."<sup id="cite_ref-bamford08_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bamford08-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SCS operatives are based out of U.S. embassies and consulates overseas, and operatives often use <a href="United_States_Foreign_Service" title="United States Foreign Service">Foreign Service</a> or <a href="Diplomatic_Telecommunications_Service" title="Diplomatic Telecommunications Service">Diplomatic Telecommunications Service</a> cover when deployed.<sup id="cite_ref-kaihla01_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaihla01-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bamford01_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bamford01-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pike96_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pike96-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their mission is to intercept sensitive information on espionage, nuclear arms, terrorist networks, drug trafficking and other national-security-related issues.<sup id="cite_ref-lichtblau01_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lichtblau01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The SCS was established to overcome a problem in that the NSA typically intercepts communications "passively" from its various intercept facilities throughout the world, yet the increasing sophistication of foreign communications equipment renders passive interception futile and instead requires direct access to the communications equipment. The CIA, meanwhile, has access to agents specializing in clandestine operations and thus is more able to gain access to foreign communication equipment, yet lacks the NSA's expertise in communications eavesdropping. Hence, the SCS was born, combining the communications intelligence capabilities of the NSA with the covert action capabilities of the CIA in order to facilitate access to sophisticated foreign communications systems.<sup id="cite_ref-lichtblau01_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lichtblau01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-isnard00_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isnard00-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bowman02_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bowman02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The SCS employs exotic <a href="Covert_listening_device" title="Covert listening device">covert listening device</a> technologies to bug foreign embassies, communications centers, computer facilities, fiber-optic networks, and government installations.<sup id="cite_ref-lichtblau01_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lichtblau01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lathem01_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lathem01-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. government has never officially acknowledged its existence, and little is known about the technologies and techniques it employs.<sup id="cite_ref-lichtblau01_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lichtblau01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sole inside account of SCS comes from a <a href="Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a>, Mike Frost, whose 1994 book <i>Spyworld</i> revealed that the program was known to insiders at the time as "College Park".<sup id="cite_ref-roslin01_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roslin01-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2008, the SCS is reported to target for recruitment key foreign communications personnel such as database managers, systems administrators, and <a href="Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> specialists.<sup id="cite_ref-bamford08_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bamford08-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>During October 2013, reports by former NSA contractor <a href="Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a> led to the unveiling of the SCS having systematically wiretapped <a href="Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a> <a href="Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>'s private cell phone over a period of over 10 years, which among other activities to wiretap and systematically record large amounts of European and South American leaders' and citizens' communication by the NSA led to a distinct diplomatic backlash at the United States government.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3></div>

<p>The SCS program was established in 1978 during the Cold War between the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-week_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-week-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lichtblau01_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lichtblau01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-roslin01_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roslin01-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>As <a href="Encryption" title="Encryption">encryption</a> technology increased in sophistication, by the end of the 20th century many coded signals proved unbreakable. Due to this problem, bugging techniques and technologies saw a revival: unable to easily intercept and decrypt foreign communications through passive means, the U.S. government needed to instead intercept the communications at their source, and thus the SCS program was expanded in the 1990s to fulfill this need.<sup id="cite_ref-diamond99_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diamond99-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-loeb01_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loeb01-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-finder01_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finder01-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snowden_Leak">Snowden Leak</h3></div>

<p>According to documents leaked by <a href="Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a>, the SCS is part of a larger <a href="Global_surveillance" title="Global surveillance">global surveillance</a> program known as <a href="Stateroom_(surveillance_program)" title="Stateroom (surveillance program)">STATEROOM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2></div>

<p>SCS operatives reportedly hid eavesdropping devices in <a href="Pigeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigeon">pigeons</a> perched on the windowsills of the <a href="Embassy_of_Russia_in_Washington%2C_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy of Russia in Washington, D.C.">Soviet Embassy</a> in <a href="Washington%2C_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-kaihla01_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaihla01-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infiltration">Infiltration</h3></div>

<p>The SCS program was compromised by infamous <a href="Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) mole <a href="Robert_Hanssen" title="Robert Hanssen">Robert Hanssen</a> in the 1990s, which provided <a href="Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> with sensitive information about highly sophisticated U.S. overseas bugging operations.<sup id="cite_ref-lathem01_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lathem01-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-masters01_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-masters01-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the program was so secret that, after Hanssen's arrest, the FBI would only describe it in general terms, as a "program of enormous value, expense, and importance to the U.S. government".<sup id="cite_ref-lichtblau01_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lichtblau01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-today01_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-today01-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3></div>

<p>In 1999, as the <a href="Clinton_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Administration">Clinton Administration</a> sought to kill <a href="Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> following the <a href="1998_U.S._embassy_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 U.S. embassy bombings">1998 U.S. embassy bombings</a>, SCS operatives covertly entered <a href="Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> to place eavesdropping devices within range of <a href="Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>'s tactical radios.<sup id="cite_ref-gellman01_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gellman01-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3></div>

<p>The SCS was rumored to have been involved in the 2001 operation that planted 27 satellite-controlled bugs in the <a href="Boeing_767-300ER" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 767-300ER">Boeing 767-300ER</a> that was to be used as Chinese leader <a href="Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a>'s official jet. The bugs were discovered, however, before they could be switched on.<sup id="cite_ref-scmp02_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp02-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p>Prior to the <a href="2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq</a>, SCS was described as the "prime mover" of electronic surveillance in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-vest99_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vest99-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SCS operatives built numerous antennae, spaced throughout the Iraqi countryside, capable of intercepting Iraqi microwave communications. These Iraqi communications would have been otherwise difficult to intercept, because they beamed hilltop to hilltop in a narrow band, with an angle too oblique and thus too dissipated to be intercepted by air or spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-gellman99_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gellman99-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1998, the U.S. government recruited an <a href="Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> operative under SCS and deployed him to Iraq. The operative reported concerns about what was transpiring in Iraq, in that there was "a very high volume of data, and that he was getting no feedback about whether it was good, bad, or useful". He further reported that "this was a massive intelligence collection operation – one that was not in accordance with what <a href="UNSCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSCOM">UNSCOM</a> was supposed to be doing" at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-vest99_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vest99-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>After the invasion, SCS operatives were employed in the hunt for <a href="Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>, planting sophisticated eavesdropping equipment in target areas to intercept communications that were then analyzed by <a href="Voice_analysis" title="Voice analysis">voice analysis</a> experts.<sup id="cite_ref-mcdougall03_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcdougall03-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</h3></div>

<p>The SCS was heavily involved in eavesdropping to advance the <a href="War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a>, setting up eavesdropping posts around <a href="Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern</a> capitals and figures close to Osama bin Laden's terrorism network.<sup id="cite_ref-kaihla01_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaihla01-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bamford07_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bamford07-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, an SCS team monitored al-Qaeda training camps near <a href="Khost" title="Khost">Khost</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-week_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-week-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>When the United States located <a href="Osama_bin_Laden's_compound_in_Abbottabad" title="Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad">Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad</a>, <a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, SCS operatives established a base in an apartment that the CIA had rented a mile away from the compound. They focused lasers on the compound windows and, by analyzing the vibrations, were able to count the number of people inside and outside, and also ascertained that there was one person who never ventured outside the compound. Bin Laden was <a href="Death_of_Osama_bin_Laden" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Osama bin Laden">killed inside the compound</a> during a raid by U.S. special operations forces on May 2, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-assam11_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assam11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-calvert11_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calvert11-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programs">Programs</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Stateroom_(surveillance_program)" title="Stateroom (surveillance program)">STATEROOM</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Central_Security_Service" title="Central Security Service">Central Security Service</a></li>

<li><a href="Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">Signals intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Tailored_Access_Operations" title="Tailored Access Operations">Tailored Access Operations</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBrown2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Brown, David W. (April 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theweek.com/articles/476482/inside-secret-world-americas-eavesdropping-spies">"Inside the secret world of America's top eavesdropping spies"</a>. <i><a href="The_Week_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Week (magazine)">The Week</a></i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180609112154/http://cryptome.org/eyeball/scs/scs-eyeball.htm">"Eyeballing the CIA/NSA Special Collection Service"</a>. <a href="Cryptome" title="Cryptome">Cryptome</a>. May 13, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cryptome.org/eyeball/scs/scs-eyeball.htm">the original</a> on June 9, 2018. <q>Several years ago, according to sources, SCS relocated to a new, 300-acre, three-building complex disguised as a corporate campus and shielded by a dense forest outside Beltsville, Maryland.</q></cite></span>

</li>

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</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Special_Collection_Service" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Special Collection Service">Special Collection Service</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li>

<li>Powerpoint: <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/media/media-34100.pdf">"Link"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite> Pacific SIGDEV Conference March 2011 – Special Collection Service <a href="Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a> presentation</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Central_Intelligence_Agency528" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">United States Intelligence Community</a> (CIA Headquarters: <a href="George_Bush_Center_for_Intelligence" title="George Bush Center for Intelligence">George Bush Center for Intelligence</a>, <a href="Langley%2C_Virginia" title="Langley, Virginia">Langley, Virginia</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="History of the Central Intelligence Agency">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Organizational_structure_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency#Directorate_of_Analysis" title="Organizational structure of the Central Intelligence Agency">Directorate of Analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_Intelligence_Agency_Directorate_of_Science_%26_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency Directorate of Science & Technology">Directorate of Science & Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Directorate_of_Operations_(CIA)" title="Directorate of Operations (CIA)">Directorate of Operations</a> (<a href="Special_Activities_Center" title="Special Activities Center">Special Activities Center</a>, <a href="National_Resources_Division" title="National Resources Division">National Resources Division</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Organizational_structure_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency#Directorate_of_Support" title="Organizational structure of the Central Intelligence Agency">Directorate of Support</a></li>

<li><a href="Operations_Support_Branch" title="Operations Support Branch">Operations Support Branch</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_Library" title="CIA Library">CIA Library</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Americas</li>

<li>Russia and Europe</li>

<li>Africa</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transnational activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Allegations_of_CIA_drug_trafficking" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of CIA drug trafficking">Alleged drug trafficking</a> (<a href="CIA_involvement_in_Contra_cocaine_trafficking" title="CIA involvement in Contra cocaine trafficking">Involvement in Contra cocaine trafficking</a>)</li>

<li><a href="CIA_transnational_activities_in_counterproliferation" title="CIA transnational activities in counterproliferation">Arms control, WMD, and proliferation</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">Black sites</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_CIA_controversies" title="List of CIA controversies">Controversies</a></li>

<li><a href="International_counter-terrorism_activities_of_the_CIA" title="International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA">Counterterrorism</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_transnational_anti-crime_and_anti-drug_activities" title="CIA transnational anti-crime and anti-drug activities">Crime and illicit drug trade</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_transnational_health_and_economic_activities" title="CIA transnational health and economic activities">Health and economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_rights_violations_by_the_CIA" title="Human rights violations by the CIA">Human rights violations</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_influence_on_public_opinion" title="CIA influence on public opinion">Influence on public opinion</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Directors of Central Intelligence</a> and<br> <a href="Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="William_J._Donovan" title="William J. Donovan">William J. Donovan</a> (<a href="Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">OSS</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Sidney_Souers" title="Sidney Souers">Sidney Souers</a></li>

<li><a href="Hoyt_Vandenberg" title="Hoyt Vandenberg">Hoyt Vandenberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Roscoe_H._Hillenkoetter" title="Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter">Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter</a></li>

<li><a href="Walter_Bedell_Smith" title="Walter Bedell Smith">Walter Bedell Smith</a></li>

<li><a href="Allen_Dulles" title="Allen Dulles">Allen Dulles</a></li>

<li><a href="John_A._McCone" title="John A. McCone">John A. McCone</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Raborn" title="William Raborn">William Raborn</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Helms" title="Richard Helms">Richard Helms</a></li>

<li><a href="James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">James R. Schlesinger</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Colby" title="William Colby">William Colby</a></li>

<li><a href="George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></li>

<li><a href="Stansfield_Turner" title="Stansfield Turner">Stansfield Turner</a></li>

<li><a href="William_J._Casey" title="William J. Casey">William J. Casey</a></li>

<li><a href="William_H._Webster" title="William H. Webster">William H. Webster</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a></li>

<li><a href="R._James_Woolsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="R. James Woolsey Jr.">R. James Woolsey Jr.</a></li>

<li><a href="John_M._Deutch" title="John M. Deutch">John M. Deutch</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Tenet" title="George Tenet">George Tenet</a></li>

<li><a href="Porter_Goss" title="Porter Goss">Porter Goss</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_Hayden_(general)" title="Michael Hayden (general)">Michael Hayden</a></li>

<li><a href="Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Brennan_(CIA_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Brennan (CIA officer)">John Brennan</a></li>

<li><a href="Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a></li>

<li><a href="Gina_Haspel" title="Gina Haspel">Gina Haspel</a></li>

<li><a href="William_J._Burns_(diplomat)" title="William J. Burns (diplomat)">William J. Burns</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Ratcliffe" title="John Ratcliffe">John Ratcliffe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major international operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="1953_Iranian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">Operation Ajax</a></li>

<li><a href="1954_Guatemalan_coup_d'%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">Operation PBSuccess</a></li>

<li><a href="Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Secret War</a></li>

<li><a href="1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li>

<li><a href="Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li>

<li><a href="Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Mongoose" title="Operation Mongoose">Operation Mongoose</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoenix_Program" title="Phoenix Program">Phoenix Program</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Rubicon" title="Operation Rubicon">Operation Rubicon</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_intervention_in_Chile" title="United States intervention in Chile">United States intervention in Chile</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Cyclone" title="Operation Cyclone">Operation Cyclone</a></li>

<li><a href="Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a></li>

<li><a href="Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Operation Neptune Spear</a></li>

<li><a href="Timber_Sycamore" title="Timber Sycamore">Timber Sycamore</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Invisible_Government" title="The Invisible Government">The Invisible Government</a></i> (1964)</li>

<li><i><a href="Ghost_Wars" title="Ghost Wars">Ghost Wars</a></i> (2004)</li>

<li><i><a href="Overthrow_(book)" title="Overthrow (book)">Overthrow</a></i> (2006)</li>

<li><i><a href="Legacy_of_Ashes_(book)" title="Legacy of Ashes (book)">Legacy of Ashes</a></i> (2007)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Unexpected_Spy" title="The Unexpected Spy">The Unexpected Spy</a></i> (2019)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CIA activities by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Afghanistan" title="CIA activities in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Angola" title="CIA activities in Angola">Angola</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_espionage_in_Australia" title="United States espionage in Australia">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="1964_Brazilian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Cambodia" title="CIA activities in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Canada" title="CIA activities in Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_intervention_in_Chile" title="United States intervention in Chile">Chile</a></li>

<li><a href="American_espionage_in_China" title="American espionage in China">China</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Colombia" title="CIA activities in Colombia">Colombia</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_France" title="CIA activities in France">France</a></li>

<li><a href="American_espionage_in_Germany" title="American espionage in Germany">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Guatemala" title="CIA activities in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Honduras" title="CIA activities in Honduras">Honduras</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Hungary" title="CIA activities in Hungary">Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_India" title="CIA activities in India">India</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Indonesia" title="CIA activities in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Italy" title="CIA activities in Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Japan" title="CIA activities in Japan">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Libya" title="CIA activities in Libya">Libya</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Myanmar" title="CIA activities in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Nicaragua" title="CIA activities in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_North_Korea" title="CIA activities in North Korea">North Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Pakistan" title="CIA activities in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_the_Philippines" title="CIA activities in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Somalia" title="CIA activities in Somalia">Somalia</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="CIA activities in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Sudan" title="CIA activities in Sudan">Sudan</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Syria" title="CIA activities in Syria">Syria</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Turkey" title="CIA activities in Turkey">Turkey</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="CIA activities in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_activities_in_Vietnam" title="CIA activities in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li>

<li><a href="Drone_strikes_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone strikes in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Official_reports_by_the_U.S._Government_on_the_CIA" title="Official reports by the U.S. Government on the CIA">Official reports by the U.S. Government on the CIA</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_MKUltra" class="mw-redirect" title="Project MKUltra">Project MKUltra</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Security_Agency141" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="National_Security_Agency141" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Alaska_Mission_Operations_Center" title="Alaska Mission Operations Center">Alaska Mission Operations Center</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Buckley_Space_Force_Base" title="Buckley Space Force Base">Colorado Cryptologic Center</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Consolidated_Intelligence_Center" title="Consolidated Intelligence Center">Consolidated Intelligence Center</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Dagger_Complex" title="Dagger Complex">European Cryptologic Center</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="European_Technical_Center" title="European Technical Center">European Technical Center</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Fort_Meade" title="Fort Meade">Fort Meade</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Friendship_Annex" title="Friendship Annex">Friendship Annex</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Georgia_Cryptologic_Center" title="Georgia Cryptologic Center">Georgia Cryptologic Center</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hawaii_Cryptologic_Center" title="Hawaii Cryptologic Center">Hawaii Cryptologic Center</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Interagency_Training_Center" title="Interagency Training Center">Interagency Training Center</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Kent_Island_Research_Facility" title="Kent Island Research Facility">Kent Island</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Misawa_Security_Operations_Center" title="Misawa Security Operations Center">Misawa Security Operations Center</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Multiprogram_Research_Facility" title="Multiprogram Research Facility">Multiprogram Research Facility</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="RAF_Menwith_Hill" title="RAF Menwith Hill">RAF Menwith Hill</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Roaring_Creek_Station" title="Roaring Creek Station">Roaring Creek</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Salt_Creek_Station" title="Salt Creek Station">Salt Creek</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Sugar_Grove_Station" title="Sugar Grove Station">Sugar Grove</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Texas_Cryptologic_Center" title="Texas Cryptologic Center">Texas Cryptologic Center</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Utah_Data_Center" title="Utah Data Center">Utah Data Center</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Director_of_the_National_Security_Agency" title="Director of the National Security Agency">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Ralph_Canine" title="Ralph Canine">Ralph Canine</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="John_A._Samford" title="John A. Samford">John A. Samford</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Laurence_Hugh_Frost" title="Laurence Hugh Frost">Laurence Hugh Frost</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gordon_Blake" title="Gordon Blake">Gordon Blake</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Marshall_Carter" title="Marshall Carter">Marshall Carter</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Noel_Gayler" title="Noel Gayler">Noel Gayler</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Samuel_C._Phillips" title="Samuel C. Phillips">Samuel C. Phillips</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Lew_Allen" title="Lew Allen">Lew Allen</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Bobby_Ray_Inman" title="Bobby Ray Inman">Bobby Ray Inman</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Lincoln_D._Faurer" title="Lincoln D. Faurer">Lincoln D. Faurer</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="William_Eldridge_Odom" title="William Eldridge Odom">William Eldridge Odom</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Bill_Studeman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Studeman">Bill Studeman</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="John_Michael_McConnell" class="mw-redirect" title="John Michael McConnell">John Michael McConnell</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Kenneth_Minihan" title="Kenneth Minihan">Kenneth Minihan</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Michael_Hayden_(general)" title="Michael Hayden (general)">Michael Hayden</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Keith_B._Alexander" title="Keith B. Alexander">Keith B. Alexander</a> </span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Michael_S._Rogers" title="Michael S. Rogers">Michael S. Rogers</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Paul_Nakasone" title="Paul Nakasone">Paul Nakasone</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="ANT_catalog" title="ANT catalog">ANT catalog</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="FROSTBURG" title="FROSTBURG">FROSTBURG</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="IBM_7950_Harvest" title="IBM 7950 Harvest">HARVEST</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Secure_Terminal_Equipment" title="Secure Terminal Equipment">Secure Terminal Equipment (STE)</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="WARRIOR_PRIDE" title="WARRIOR PRIDE">WARRIOR PRIDE</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="2010s_global_surveillance_disclosures" title="2010s global surveillance disclosures">2010s global surveillance disclosures</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Church_Committee" title="Church Committee">Church Committee</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="LOVEINT" title="LOVEINT">LOVEINT</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="James_Bamford" title="James Bamford">James Bamford</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="NSA_warrantless_surveillance_(2001%E2%80%932007)" title="NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)">NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">Pike Committee</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Thomas_Andrews_Drake" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Andrews Drake">Thomas Andrews Drake</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Thomas_Tamm" title="Thomas Tamm">Thomas Tamm</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Matthew_Aid" title="Matthew Aid">Matthew Aid</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Boundless_Informant" title="Boundless Informant">Boundless Informant</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Dropmire" title="Dropmire">Dropmire</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Echelon_(signals_intelligence)" class="mw-redirect" title="Echelon (signals intelligence)">ECHELON</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Fairview_(surveillance_program)" title="Fairview (surveillance program)">Fairview</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Insider_Threat_Program" title="Insider Threat Program">Insider Threat Program</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="MUSCULAR" title="MUSCULAR">MUSCULAR</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="MYSTIC_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="MYSTIC (surveillance program)">MYSTIC</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="PRISM" title="PRISM">PRISM</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Real_Time_Regional_Gateway" title="Real Time Regional Gateway">Real Time Regional Gateway</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Stellar_Wind" title="Stellar Wind">Stellar Wind</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Trailblazer_Project" title="Trailblazer Project">TRAILBLAZER</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Turbulence_(NSA)" title="Turbulence (NSA)">Turbulence</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Upstream_collection" title="Upstream collection">Upstream</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="XKeyscore" title="XKeyscore">XKeyscore</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Databases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="DISHFIRE" class="mw-redirect" title="DISHFIRE">DISHFIRE</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="MAINWAY" title="MAINWAY">MAINWAY</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="MARINA" title="MARINA">MARINA</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="PINWALE" class="mw-redirect" title="PINWALE">PINWALE</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Dundee_Society" title="Dundee Society">Dundee Society</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Institute_for_Defense_Analyses" title="Institute for Defense Analyses">Institute for Defense Analyses</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="National_Cryptologic_Museum" title="National Cryptologic Museum">National Cryptologic Museum</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="National_Cryptologic_School" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cryptologic School">National Cryptologic School</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="National_Vigilance_Park" title="National Vigilance Park">National Vigilance Park</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="NSA_Hall_of_Honor" title="NSA Hall of Honor">NSA Hall of Honor</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Venona_project" title="Venona project">VENONA</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Vulnerabilities_Equities_Process" title="Vulnerabilities Equities Process">Vulnerabilities Equities Process</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Zendian_Problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Zendian Problem">Zendian Problem</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Intelligence_Community333" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="United_States_Intelligence_Community333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">United States Intelligence Community</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence<br>Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">Defense Intelligence Agency</a>

<ul><li><a href="Defense_Clandestine_Service" title="Defense Clandestine Service">Defense Clandestine Service</a></li>

<li>Defense Debriefing Service</li>

<li><a href="Defense_Attach%C3%A9_System" title="Defense Attaché System">Defense Attaché System</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Intelligence_University" title="National Intelligence University">National Intelligence University</a></li>

<li><a href="Missile_and_Space_Intelligence_Center" title="Missile and Space Intelligence Center">Missile and Space Intelligence Center</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Center_for_Medical_Intelligence" title="National Center for Medical Intelligence">National Center for Medical Intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Joint_Functional_Component_Command_for_Intelligence%2C_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance" title="Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance">Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a> (<a href="Sentient_(intelligence_analysis_system)" title="Sentient (intelligence analysis system)">Sentient (intelligence analysis system)</a>)</li>

<li><a href="National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a>

<ul><li><a href="Central_Security_Service" title="Central Security Service">Central Security Service</a></li>

</ul></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Armed_Forces43" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Intelligence_and_Security_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence and Security Command">Army Intelligence and Security Command</a></li>

<li><a href="Marine_Corps_Intelligence" title="Marine Corps Intelligence">Marine Corps Intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_of_Naval_Intelligence" title="Office of Naval Intelligence">Office of Naval Intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Sixteenth_Air_Force" title="Sixteenth Air Force">Air Force Intelligence</a></li>

<li>Space Force Intelligence (<a href="Space_Delta_7" title="Space Delta 7">Space Delta 7</a> / <a href="Space_Delta_18" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Delta 18">Space Delta 18</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Coast_Guard_Intelligence" title="Coast Guard Intelligence">Coast Guard Intelligence</a> (<i>Homeland Security</i>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bureau_of_Intelligence_and_Research" title="Bureau of Intelligence and Research">Bureau of Intelligence and Research</a> (<a href="United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State"><i>State</i></a>)</li>

<li><a href="Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>

<ul><li><a href="Directorate_of_Operations_(CIA)" title="Directorate of Operations (CIA)">Directorate of Operations</a></li>

<li><a href="Special_Activities_Center" title="Special Activities Center">Special Activities Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Source_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Source Center">Open Source Center</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_University" title="CIA University">CIA University</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="DEA_Office_of_National_Security_Intelligence" title="DEA Office of National Security Intelligence">DEA Office of National Security Intelligence</a> (<a href="United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice"><i>Justice</i></a>)</li>

<li><a href="FBI_Intelligence_Branch" title="FBI Intelligence Branch">FBI Intelligence Branch</a> (<i>Justice</i>)</li>

<li><a href="DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis" title="DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis">Office of Intelligence and Analysis</a> (<a href="United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security"><i>Homeland Security</i></a>)</li>

<li><a href="Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis_(Treasury_Department)" title="Office of Intelligence and Analysis (Treasury Department)">Office of Intelligence and Analysis</a> (<a href="United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury"><i>Treasury</i></a>)</li>

<li><a href="Office_of_Intelligence_and_Counterintelligence" title="Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence">Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence</a> (<a href="United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy"><i>Energy</i></a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of<br>National<br>Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Counterterrorism_Center" title="National Counterterrorism Center">National Counterterrorism Center</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Counterproliferation_Center" title="National Counterproliferation Center">National Counterproliferation Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_of_the_National_Counterintelligence_Executive" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive">National Counterintelligence and Security Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyber_Threat_Intelligence_Integration_Center" title="Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center">Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Intelligence_Council" title="National Intelligence Council">National Intelligence Council</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_Advanced_Research_Projects_Activity" title="Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity">Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_Joint_Intelligence_Community_Council" title="United States Joint Intelligence Community Council">Joint Intelligence Community Council</a></li>

<li><a href="Associate_Director_of_National_Intelligence_and_Chief_Information_Officer" title="Associate Director of National Intelligence and Chief Information Officer">Chief Information Officer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Executive_Office_of_the_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Office of the President">Executive Office<br>of the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a></li>

<li><a href="President's_Intelligence_Advisory_Board" title="President's Intelligence Advisory Board">President's Intelligence Advisory Board</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_Homeland_Security_Council" title="United States Homeland Security Council">Homeland Security Council</a></li>

<li><a href="Homeland_Security_Advisor" title="Homeland Security Advisor">Homeland Security Advisor</a></li>

<li><a href="President's_Daily_Brief" title="President's Daily Brief">President's Daily Brief</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Under_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence">Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Defense_Counterintelligence_and_Security_Agency" title="Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency">Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_Department_of_Justice_National_Security_Division" title="United States Department of Justice National Security Division">National Security Division (Justice)</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_Support_Activity" title="Intelligence Support Activity">Army Intelligence Support Activity</a></li>

<li><a href="Joint_Worldwide_Intelligence_Communications_System" title="Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System">Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System</a></li>

<li><a href="Intellipedia" title="Intellipedia">Intellipedia</a></li>

<li><a href="Iranian_Directorate" title="Iranian Directorate">Iranian Directorate</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Museum_of_Intelligence_and_Special_Operations" title="National Museum of Intelligence and Special Operations">National Museum of Intelligence and Special Operations</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="United_States_Intelligence_Community_Oversight" title="United States Intelligence Community Oversight">Oversight</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence">Senate Intelligence Committee</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">House Intelligence Committee</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court" title="United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_and_Civil_Liberties_Oversight_Board" title="Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board">Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_Security_Oversight_Office" title="Information Security Oversight Office">Information Security Oversight Office</a></li>

<li><a href="President's_Intelligence_Advisory_Board" title="President's Intelligence Advisory Board">Intelligence Oversight Board</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Contingency_Fund_for_Foreign_Intercourse" title="Contingency Fund for Foreign Intercourse">Contingency Fund for Foreign Intercourse</a></li>

<li><a href="Counterintelligence_Field_Activity" title="Counterintelligence Field Activity">Counterintelligence Field Activity</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_Information_Division_(United_States)" title="Military Information Division (United States)">Military Information Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_Intelligence_Division_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Intelligence Division (United States Army)">Military Intelligence Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_Intelligence_Service_(United_States)" title="Military Intelligence Service (United States)">Military Intelligence Service</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_of_Special_Plans" title="Office of Special Plans">Office of Special Plans</a></li>

<li><a href="Ritchie_Boys" title="Ritchie Boys">Ritchie Boys</a></li>

<li><a href="Strategic_Support_Branch" title="Strategic Support Branch">Strategic Support Branch</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<p><br>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:39.045,-76.857"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°02′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°51′25″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.045°N 76.857°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.045; -76.857</span></span></span></a></span></span>

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